Catholic Mass is broken roughly into two parts, the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Word should be familiar to most Christians—centered on readings from Holy Scripture and a sermon/message by the Priest (the homily). Some analogue of this is, for most Christian communities, the center of worship. In my experience, most Protestant Christians base their opinions of a particular church primarily on their opinions of the pastor’s sermons.
The Liturgy of the Eucharist, however, is the center of Catholic Mass. This is something pretty much unique to Catholicism and Orthodoxy—the two oldest denominations and the truest adherents to to the first 1,500 years of Christian teaching and tradition. Some Protestant churches and denominations still practice ‘communion’ ceremonies that hearken back to the Liturgy of the Eucharist symbolically, but only Catholicism and Orthodoxy recognize the real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. Note that in every Biblical account of the Last Supper, Jesus says ‘this is my body’ and ‘this is my blood’ in reference to the bread and wine—not ‘this bread and wine symbolically represents my body and blood.’
I could write volumes about the Eucharist (and others have, indeed, done so), though I could only scratch the surface—especially since I’m still new to the Church and am still learning the truths she teaches. Here I will simply address the logistics very briefly. Lay members of the congregation bring forth the gifts (bread and wine), the Priest prepares the altar and then consecrates the bread and wine by speaking the words that Jesus spoke:
Take this all of you, and eat it; this is my body, which will be given up for you. . . . Take this, all of you, and drink from it; this is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant. It will be shed for you and for all men so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me. – from ‘Ordo Missae Cum Populo’ (Order of Mass with a Congregation)
