This is a ‘nerd post’ for nerds and aspiring nerds (though it might be nominally interesting to non-nerds as well) . . . just to get that out in the open right away.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is part of the core functionality of the Internet and was central in making it usable for mere mortals. Basically, without DNS, web site addresses would look something like ‘209.85.171.99’, which is a bit harder to remember than ‘google.com’, the name under the DNS system for the exact same place on the Internet. To oversimplify, this is how the system works:
- Google has a ‘nameserver’ (probably something like ns.google.com). That nameserver has been set up by Google to know that ‘google.com’ really means ‘209.85.171.99’.
- The Domain Name registrar that Google uses to register ‘google.com’ to them has been set up to know that if people ask for google.com, they need to talk to ns.google.com to find out where to go.
- The ‘root’ DNS servers on the Internet pretty much know the right other nameservers for pretty much every domain name, and update that information periodically.
- ISPs that people use to access the Internet have nameservers too, which talk to the root servers to figure out where their customers go on the Internet when they type in ‘google.com’.
